| Phú Ninh | |
|---|---|
| Location | Phú Ninh District, Quảng Nam |
| Lake type | reservoir |
| Basin countries | Vietnam |
| Surface area | 3,433 ha |
| Water volume | 344,000,000 m3 (279,000 acre·ft) |
| Islands | 30 |
| Settlements | Tam Kỳ |
Lake Phu Ninh is an artificial lake in Phú Ninh District, Quảng Nam Province, Vietnam.
Contents |
Lake Phu Ninh is 7 km from Tam Ky Town to the West, 70 km from Da Nang City and about 15 km from Chu Lai airport, Quang Nam Province. During the Vietnam War the airport received B747-400 and other aircraft, serving 500 passengers per year and 500,000 tons of goods annually. It is projected to receive one million passengers and one million tons of goods in 2020. On its banks are villages belonging to Phú Ninh District and Núi Thành District.
Phu Ninh Lake water is the main source of water for living and planting of Tam Ky Town and other places in Phu Ninh and Nui Thanh districts. Lake Phu Ninh has a hot mineral spring water resource.
Hydroelectric power from Lake Phú Ninh contributes up to 3 million kwh per year.
Annually, about 80 tons of fish are taken from Phu Ninh Lake.
The total protective area surrounding Phu Ninh Lake is 23,409 ha, belonging to Phu Ninh and Núi Thành District.
According to the Quang Nam Forestry Bureau (in 2000), the area included 15,768 ha of forest including 1,500 ha of plantation forest. There are 34 kinds of animal, 26 reptiles and 14 kinds of animal and plant which are recorded in Vietnam Red Book. It is the place to conserve hundred of plants and precious herbs with various zoology and plantation system.
Phu Ninh Lake was recently awarded national historical heritage status.
The area is made up of low hills, average height 100–300 m, but some are 500–700 m above sea level. The average slope is 100 m, sloping to the west, south west and north east to form a small valley.
To the south are mountain ranges with Quang Ngai mountain with high peak, tilting hard (16-450) makes this area strongly separated.
To the north and northwest are low mountains, small tilt (110-250) creates many flat and large valleys surrounding Phu Ninh Lake.
The soil is mostly is yellow red feralite soil on sand stone (occupies 61.11%) which is easily eroded and not conducive to growing vegetables and crops.
Red yellow feralite soil on igneous rock (occupies about 20%) is often covered by forest.
Fertile soil (occupies 15-17%) exists in valleys along the springs where concentrate the residential area and field.
Phu Ninh Lake's climate belongs to the Middle South climate area. It is not cold in autumn. Daily and yearly temperature are both relatively low for Vietnam. There are two seasons: rainy and dry in year.
Average readings taken at the Tam Ky weather station show the following characteristics:
Monthly average temperature fluctuation: 7°C
tropical pressure.
1. Plant and forest: there are main kind of plants as follows:
Plants on mountain includes thin forest (about 860 ha, cover to the South) and extremely thin forest (about 530 ha)
Bush, grass: total area is about 10,000 ha, covering everywhere. The soil is dry, low regenerated capability
Plantation: about 700 ha, mainly concentrate on the north boundary of the lake which is almost Eucalyptus.
In conclusion, forest surround the lake has the bad impact on environment due to the war effect left over and the consequence of exploitation nowadays.
2. Plants:
Phu Ninh forest has various plants, including about 369 kinds of plant among which are 10 plants recorded in Vietnam Red Book.
3. Plant resources value general estimation:
There are 250 worthy plants among which 211 medical plants, 85 wood plants, 66 ornamental and shading plants, 50 fruits and crops plants, 14 cotton and handicraft material plant, 22 rubber, oil, fragrant oil plants.
4. Animals: 3 main kinds of animal
Land vertebrate animal includes 4 main kinds: amphibians, reptile, bird, animal with 148 species, 69 families, 27 groups, 4 classes
Aquatic animal:
Land invertebrate animal:
11 kinds of mammal recorded in Red Book need to be protected: rhino, red monkey, yellow monkey, long tail monkey.
7 reptiles: python, cobra, egretta garzetta.
Animal resources estimation:
1. North Lake area:
Dams: Chinh dam, Tu Yen dam, Long Son dam, and Duong Lam dam
Management office, Security office: lake management team, forest protect station
Power station
Chap Tra mountain is existing natural mountain in the North of the lake with small area and some precious animals such as red face monkey which can be supplied for sightseeing.
Agriculture land, fish pond and agricultural channel
Mineral water and security station
2. Island and peninsula:
Phu Ninh Lake has 15 small and big islands. Small islands often flood in rainy season. North and East islands do not have natural forest any longer. New plantation area includes pine, eucalyptus,… The zoology system is poor with a little kinds of small animals, reptiles and birds.
Rua Island: natural forest, small animals, especially two small kinds of monkey: long tail monkey and red face monkey.
So Island: the biggest island of Phu Ninh Lake. Natural forest is being recovered. There are many animals, birds, reptiles. The quantity is low but with developing potentiality.
61st Island: there are two-floor old house of the management lake team. Because most forest in this island are planted, so the landscape and the zoology system are poor and need to be improved.
The South and West Islands and peninsulas (belonging to Tam Son and Tam Lanh commune): many wild animals living such as deer, brocket, reptile, bird.
At the heart of the lake, near Chap Tra valley, there are many mineral water resources with useful elements for digestion and recovery treatment, health improvement.
The degree of Phu Ninh’s mineral water is 900C underground, 600C-700C when flowing out; flowing speed is 0,5l/s. Mineral water company in Tam Ky commune uses it to make products ( designed output: 15 million bottles/year) However, they have not use this mineral water for treatment yet.
http://www.vietnamculturetours.com/vietnam/guide/quang_nam/attraction/phu_ninh_lake.html
http://www.qdnd.vn/QDNDSite/en-US/75/72/182/159/199/81203/Default.aspx
http://www.monre.gov.vn/monreNet/default.aspx?tabid=255&idmid=&ItemID=68959